The Movement Of Child And Youth Care Practice Within The Uk

This paper will focus on key factors which hold prevalence to the movement of child and youth care practice within the UK. Reference will be made to Child and Youth Care (CYC) within the context of a Residential Child Care setting (RCCS) which will be defined. Attention will be drawn to the most significant historical events which have influenced the development of Residential child care (RCC) and the overarching identity attached to it. Consider will be given to relationship between RCC and Social Services and the importance of RCC as a single profession. This will include discussion around knowledge base and qualification of the Residential Child Care Worker (RCCW). For the context of this paper any reference to RCC or the RCCS will refer to a children s home based in the UK. Smith et al (2013) describes the RCCS as â€Å"a children’s home, residential school, hospital or secure accommodation†. Smith adds that within RCC â€Å"a child is offered care-physical nurturing, learning opportunities, specialised behaviour training and promotion of health and wellbeing†. A modern approach within the paradigm of RCC, offering aversion from historical events which have formed perception that RCC is a last resort and a family setting is the preferred choice The Curtis Report (1946) and Children Who Wait (1998). A number of child abuse cases over the last 20 years have resulted in national attention. This has resulted in negative attention being draw to RCCS and societal pressures for theShow MoreRelatedAbstract Bullying1358 Words   |  6 Pagesbullies to target victims; particularly in social situations. 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Obsessions and the Downfall It Brings Upon Life Free Essays

string(70) " is very obvious she does not seem to care at all about the marriage\." Obsessions and the Downfall it Brings Upon Life What is the first thing that comes to mind when someone speaks of obsession? For most people it is the obsession with media or someone with no life, or maybe both. Inside almost every single person’s mind is someone or something they are passionate about. Not only are they passionate about it, they are obsessed. We will write a custom essay sample on Obsessions and the Downfall It Brings Upon Life or any similar topic only for you Order Now So much that they are unconscious that their obsession be dangerous to themselves as well as others. In Lolita by Vladimir Nabokov, Perfume by Patrick Suskind and Obsession by DaMoyre, they all express different stories of obsession, but they all mainly have the same concept. Their obsession is what brings the downfall of themselves, as well as the surrounded environment they are in. For example, in Lolita the downfall is that Humbert does not know that he is being taken advantage of when Lolita asks for his money, same with Obsession, the young girl in the story is too naive to even care or know that she is being taken advantage for her body, not her feelings or personality. Finally in Perfume, it is evident that society would view Grenouille as someone with no life. His life and perfume are all that he cares for and surrounds himself with. For example, if Grenouille smelt a desirable scent on someone, he would do anything to get that scent even if he had to harm that person. This demonstrates that he is so tormented with his obsession that he has no care or sympathy for anyone. The protagonists in Lolita, Perfume and Obsession are unaware that their obsession is not only hurting themselves, but hurting others too. They may interpret the obsession as a sign of love, but society views it differently. What does society view it as? Society has a book of rules, and being overly obsessed is viewed negatively and as a huge problem. Also, since obsession can often be mistaken as love, it is easy for people to fall into that trap and become victims to that problem. In the three literatures, Lolita, Perfume and Obsession, they all surround on the theme of obsession. In Lolita, it is a story of a man Humbert Humbert, who develops a strong interest in young girls or in his words, â€Å"nymphetsâ€Å". He started having a fixation with young girls ever since his love as a young teenager left him. From there his obsession with nymphets continued, until his one love Lolita completely took over his life. At this point, Humbert Humbert was willing to give her all she wanted, whether it was material things or money. In Perfume, a different kind of obsession kicked in. As a young boy, Jean-Baptiste Grenouille did not have a scent; this alone had the biggest impact on his life. As he grew older it was something he desperately longed for, as a lack of scent was found odd and unusual in his society. He was abandoned many times when he was a child, not due to his attitude or his behaviour, but due to his lack of smell. Through this experience, he developed a strong obsession of getting certain scents and perfumes. Eventually he learned the art of perfumery and mastered techniques that no one had done before. However, what was unexpected was the limits he was willing to cross to reach his goal – even limits like murder. Finally, in Obsession, the story is about a girl who is completely in love with her man, again willing to do anything for him. She in ways many may not understand; the words she uses are almost abstract in art. Her obsession is her weakness, even her man knows it and this is what leads to her downfall. He uses her weakness as an advantage and uses it for his own wants and desires, mainly his sexual desires. When something is unnatural, it means it is altered with. For example, when we pose for a photo it is unnatural thus making the picture look a bit odd to how one sees the world. In Lolita, what is so unnatural about the obsession of the protagonist, Humbert, is the huge age gap between Lolita and him. The cause for Humbert’s obsession is one of his earlier lovers Annabel. She died from a disease called Typhus, which made him long for that feeling of love again. He attempts to experience that kind of love again and as he grows older, however his mentality and maturity still remained the same. Unlike most people, Humbert does not move on to the future. Instead he makes himself believe he is staying exactly where he used to be emotionally. But physically, he is a man of old age, which makes his want for nymphets really disturbing to society. Then, when Humbert met Lolita, he felt like he had found true love again and was willing to do anything to be with her. For example, when Lolita’s mother Charlotte Haze threatens Humbert with marriage or the consequence is that he has to leave their house, Humbert ultimately sacrifices his own freedom to be with Lolita. [Mrs. Haze] had left half an hour before, and getting Lo instead, I told her I was going to marry her mother. I had to repeat it twice because something was preventing her from giving me her attention† (Nabokov 72). Humbert tells Lolita that he is going to tie the knot with her mother. He is not only doing this to prevent himself from being kicked out, but because he wanted to be able to see Lolita everyday. Not only are his actions sacrificial, they also cause Humbert to lose his liberty, dignity and most importantly himself. Losing freedom could be compared to being locked in a prison – reason being is that both result in lost of free will or choice. From Lolita’s end, it is very obvious she does not seem to care at all about the marriage. You read "Obsessions and the Downfall It Brings Upon Life" in category "Essay examples" Humbert says, â€Å"I had to repeat it twice because something was preventing her from giving me her attention† (Nabokov 72). Marriage was, is and always will be a special event in everybody’s life. However it seems like Lolita was purposely not paying attention and not caring, which gives a clue that she may not feel the same way as Humbert does about her. Near the end of the novel, Humbert due to his unnatural obsession goes insane when he finds out that Lolita had another lover behind his back. â€Å"On his way to kill Quilty he puts on black clothes, ‘I was wearing a black suit, a black shirt, no tie’, the classic western villain† (Quin 1998). Humbert was willing to murder for the love of his life, which society would regard as disgust. Though his love was strong for her, his actions went too far. Murder is a sin and an illicit action that is strongly condemned. In Perfume, what is so odd about Grenouille’s obsession is that he is fixated with something he longs for. Just like Humbert longed for the feeling of young love, Grenouille longed for the scent he never had. His childhood memories consisted of being passed along and abandoned because he lacked something essential that everyone else in society had. Because of this, he developed a twisted obsession with scents. Also, it encouraged him to strive towards making the ultimate perfume to satisfy and try to fit in society. Just like Humbert, there was nothing anyone could do to stop him – even murder. Although Humbert, Grenouille and Anonymous’ stories have the same concept of â€Å"unnatural obsession†, they all have perspectives of different kinds of obsessions. For Humbert, his story may be disturbing due to the age gap, Grenouille’s is disturbing because he is obsessed with a chemical, and finally Anonymous’ is disturbing because she represents someone with no future and life. Life is a big part of us, and that is why these characters are considered abnormal in society. â€Å"Grenouille never again departed from what he believed was the direction fate had pointed him. It was clear to him why he had clung to life so tenaciously, so savagely. He must become a creator of scents. And not just an average one. But, rather, the greatest perfumer of all time† (Suskind 44). It is evident that Grenouille is committed to his life goal. He wanted to be the God of scents, the creator, and the boss. He did not want anything else in life, which to society may seem odd. For example, since people are so used to seeing what is normal/typical, when they see a person with a disability they often stare at what is out of the norm. The same thing applies for people with and without unnatural obsessions. Society would treat people with obsessions like they are odd, and even outcast them. But what is the definition of normal and does it apply to everyone? The truth is that the definition of normal differs for everyone. Once again, society has a book of rules and the predetermined definition of normal is a person who has all their body parts, no disabilities, and strives for similar goals in life like success in areas of love, school, work, and their social life. However, Grenouille’s actions do not fall in the category of normal, therefore regarding him as unnatural and irregular. If Grenouille is the hero of the novel, his obsessions are also its informing presence† (Ackroyd 1986). Grenouille’s obsession is so strong, that it could be considered as another person, another living thing, but of course that is what makes it so unnatural. In Obsession, the protagonist who might as well be Anonymous is a young girl who is naive and clueless around the nature of love, t herefore she falls in love with the wrong guy. In return, he does nothing but secretly use her for his own sexual desires, showing a very selfish act. She never realizes the truth about his feelings and continues to mourn for him even after he leaves her. â€Å"An obsessive mind, a morbid romantic, struggling between fantasy and reality I dreamed of love† (DaMoyre). The protagonist is aware of her state of tormented mind, but she is unaware of the fact that it is unhealthy for her to keep thinking about him. There are more important things for her to worry about such as work, her social life and school. Her love for her boyfriend is so deep but the problem is that he does not feel the same way. When their relationship does end, the boyfriend moves on but she stays in the same spot, looking for her next prey. Her obsessive mind does not cure, she just longs for more love, passion and inevitably pain. Although her obsession may not be as odd as Humbert’s or Grenouille’s, it is still considered an unnatural obsession to society. â€Å"The term obsession refers to images, ideas, or words that force themselves into the subject’s consciousness against their will, and which momentarily deprive them of the ability to think and sometimes even to act† (Hayat 2005). The word obsessed is something we use in our everyday vocabulary especially in the teenage community. What we do not realize is that the word means much more than intended, just like the word â€Å"gay† is. These words have become trends, but they should be taken more seriously because true obsessions can be a disorder. People who are overly obsessed, especially with unordinary things should not be ignored, as it can be a serious problem. For example, Anonymous is unaware that her obsession is hurting anybody, therefore she continues and lets other take advantage of her. All three literature works are based around an obsession we do not usually encounter or hear about and because of that, the protagonists do not notice that they are harming themselves physically, emotionally, and also the people around them. In today’s world, being isolated is the worst thing because we are educated that isolation causes us to be narrow-minded and not see the other side of the world. In Lolita, Humbert isolates himself from society, especially when he meets young Lolita. He thinks old women are disgusting hags, even if in reality they are beautiful women. He isolates himself from other things in society that he should be doing. For example, most thirty year old men are trying to fulfill their goals in work or family, but Humbert’s only goal and focus is unlike others around his age – a young innocent girl. â€Å"I think I had better describe her right away, to get it over with. The poor lady was in her middle thirties, she has a shiny forehead, plucked eyebrows and quite simple but not attractive features of a type that may be defined as a weak solution of Marlene Dietrich† (Nabokov 37). From what Humbert speaks of, it is fair to draw the conclusion that he is turned off by older woman. The reason being is since his first young love, he has isolated himself from other selections that may suit him better. For example, if a child had a choice of chocolate, vanilla and strawberry ice cream, but could only choose vanilla because he believed chocolate and strawberry were poisonous, he is then isolating himself from something he could potentially be enjoying. The same concept goes for Humbert, since isolation is consuming his life, he does not see the enjoyment in life that others in society may. And because of that, he is unaware that he is isolating himself and also Lolita along with him. Lolita is all he ever thinks about which would prevent other thoughts that he could be thinking about, such as â€Å"What do I want to become? † or â€Å"Do I love Lolita, or the childhood memories of Annabel? † However, Humbert does not realize this and goes on being blind to what is happening to him. â€Å"Lolita, on the other hand, is all colour. Humbert thinks of her as ‘a little ghost in natural colours and as ‘the beautiful warm coloured prey’ (Quin 1998). As already stated, it is obvious Humbert spends a little too much time thinking about Lolita, and making her thousands of different meaningful poems about her. In Perfume, it is even more obvious than Humbert that he isolates himself. In Grenouille’s case, he has to work hard to get to his goal. At first when he is learning to incorporate different ingredients and natural scents into his perfume experiments, he discloses himself from anyone and everyone. He concentrates and focuses on the perfumes and nothing else, thus hiding himself from society. â€Å"After a few weeks Grenouille had mastered not only the names of all the odours in Baldini’s laboratory, but he was also able to record the formulas for his perfumes and other scented products. And not merely that! Once he learned to express his fragrant ideas in drops and drams, he no longer needed the intermediate step of experimentation† (Suskind 92). All the skills and methods he learned and mastered in perfumery took him a lot of time, which resulted in isolation once again. He isolates himself in the laboratory to test his experiments, discover new methods to preserve scents, and come up with new aromas to put on himself. To skip an intermediate step in experimentation is probably Grenouille’s biggest achievement, and if one were to predict how long he spent doing so, it would be days after days of isolation from society. Of course, society does not view this as normal behavioural traits. Nonetheless what does the society book of rules say about isolation? For one it states that one needs their own time alone, but only briefly. If isolation happens, there is definitely a problem developing. â€Å"You cannot have both love and life; to demand both is to come to a grisly end† (Prescott 1986). In Grenouille’s case, this is what he thinks but is reality like that? Many successful people out there have both a life and love; it is not a big deal to balance the essentials in your life. For example Hilary Duff is now known as a worldwide singer and actress, she gets along with her family fine and although she just broke up with a long time boyfriend, she is not sad about it she does not isolate herself because she has a job to do – make music for the world to hear. In Obsession, Anonymous isolates herself thinking about her lover, just like Humbert does. All throughout the poem, instead of expressing her feelings of the world around her, she talks constantly about her lover and how she misses him. â€Å"A trap, a cage, prison of death underground† (DaMoyre). She expresses herself trapped in a cage just like being in a prison of death underground. She is being suffocated like a prison underneath his love and she pulls him with her. She is isolated from society, and as a teenager she is supposed to have a future for herself, but apparently does not seem to have one. Again, she is aware of herself being isolated and isolating her lover, but what she is unaware of is that it is unhealthy to both her and her lover. Instead of keeping him by her side, knowing he is not cheating or whatever she is trying to prevent, she is making their relationship go downhill. What is the difference between love and obsession? Love is when you are passionate about something or someone and appreciate them for what they are. Obsession on the other hand is love except it is on an extreme level in which that something or someone is the only though in your mind, the only thing in your life. There is a thin line between love and obsession, and it is very easy to mix the two around and maybe possibly mistaken one for the other. Humbert thinks of Lolita as a lover, and would probably never classify himself of having an obsession with her. Most people are unaware that they are crossing the line just because it is hard for them to distinguish the difference. Humbert has been a person trapped in an obsessed world all his life, even with his first love Annabel. They were young and naive and therefore experimenting with young love, but even when she died he had memories of her. He never threw away those memories until he met Lolita. For most people, although it is painful to have someone you loved pass away, but one would mourn over it, and then move on because there are bigger things out there in this world. However Humbert did not seem to believe this. Lolita, light of my life, fire of my loins. My sin, my soul. Lo-lee-ta† (Nabokov 9). Among the first few lines of the book, it feels like Humbert just stepped over the line to obsession because books usually start pleasantly setting the image for the reader. However he displays a selfish impression and talks about his love without being kind to the reader and explain ing what is going on. Oftentimes, people would say, â€Å"I love ice cream† or â€Å"I really love this song†, but do we really mean it? Do we really love that song? Sometimes it so happens we do, but people are misusing the word love. What does love mean by the society’s book of rules? Well for one, it is a word that is mainly used for a person that you have been in a relationship for some time. It only makes sense to use it for someone you truly care about, not something that is just going to be another phase in life. But that is when obsession kicks in, once you truly love someone it is really close to becoming that obsession you never wanted to encounter. The definition of obsession is just a step higher than love; it is not that far away which is why obsession is taking over the protagonists in the three literature works so easily. Humbert refers to Lolita’s â€Å"tender, mysterious, impure, indifferent, twilight eyes† and to the â€Å"smoother, tender bloom† of her (Pifer 1999). It is obvious that as lovers, it is nice when one compliments another to make them feel better and have a day full of enjoyment. But Humber again goes far out on it, and describes her like she’s a fl ower or animal that he uses for pleasure. He describes Lolita as the love of his life, but does he really love her or is it more than that? He does not just love her, he is obsessed and it is evident that not even he can stop himself. But because he is so obsessed, he is treating Lolita in a way that a young girl should not be treated like, he is making her experience things she should not be experiencing until she is a fully grown adult. Of course due to his desire to satisfy his sexual wants, he does not care about anything else, just Lolita and her tender young body. Instead of relationship, Grenouille in Perfume has a strong passion to search for the perfect scent since he was deprived of a human odour. It is true that most people have a strong passion for something. For example Craig Kielburger had a passion for helping others, which is why when he was only at the age of ten saw a newspaper about poor families in Africa, and desperately wanting to help, created a well-known organization â€Å"Free the Children†. When one is passionate about something, they will do whatever it takes to reach their goal. This is what Grenouille is like, but instead of being just passionate about something, he becomes obsessed which is how he brings the downfall upon himself as well as others. As his obsession grew deeper and developed stronger, he brought the downfall of others by murdering them one by one for their odour. When he was born and knew he was different from what the rest of society was like, he stepped over the line to obsession. He spent a majority of his life in the lab just trying to reach his ultimate goal, was creating the perfect scent doable? What does society view the word â€Å"perfect† as? The word perfect is used in our everyday vocabulary, but again it is misused as the word â€Å"love† is misused. â€Å"Nobody is perfect† is the famous phrase you hear, because it is true, we were created as human beings to sin and make mistakes, so knowing this, it is true Grenouille’s goal is unreachable. As he came out onto the street, he was suddenly afraid, for he knew that for the first time in his life he was giving off a human odor† (Suskind 151). He creates a human odour for himself so he can finally fit into society and be a normal person, but is that what he is? Throughout the whole book he seemed so desperate to find that scent that he was obsessed and over driven about it, that in the end trying to be normal is not normal. â€Å"It was the fresh odor of the approaching day, of the first daybreak that he had ever known in freedom. That odor had been the pledge of freedom. It had been the pledge of a different life. The odor of that morning was for Grenouille the door of hope. He guarded it carefully. And he drank it daily† (Suskind 129). Grenouille now was so in love, so obsessed with odours and scents that he guarded it like it was money. In every society, money seems to be the base of everything, it meant power and high status, however, Grenouille does not care. In his world it seems that perfume is everything, scent is everything and having an odour is everything. He is so unaware that he does whatever it takes to fit in society, even committing the act of murder. Does Grenouille just love his job as a perfumer or is he infatuated to believe that he had to prove to everyone that he is just like everyone else? As Perfume continues, a story of a murderer, he becomes insanely obsessed, crazy and mad to murder every woman who had the scent he was looking for that instead of working hard to be successful, he murders to come to his success. Throughout the whole story of the poem Obsession, the protagonist thinks she is in love with her lover and that she cannot live without him because she loves him so much. What she may not realize is that she has crossed the border of love and into her obsession. Her unawareness makes he think that it is a norm for over love for another in a relationship. The truth is love is a complex thing, but not as complex as she depicts it as. â€Å"And thought, ‘His face shall be my last vision when I die’† (DaMoyre). She pictures her future but not about how happy she will be and how successful she will be, but that the image of her lover’s face will be her last vision. If anything is obsessive, this statement she makes wins it all. Anonymous is young and she is inexperienced, because of that she has no idea what she is doing, and all the things she does not notice herself doing. However the things she does not notice such as her unawareness of obsession seems all a little unrealistic although it does happen. A love relationship is something that should not be complex especially at a young age, because it takes away from the important things such as family, friends and school. In the poem, it does not mention anything about her family, friends or education; her world only consists of herself and her lover. As the definition of obsession was stated before, her life fits exactly into the definition. She is not exposed to society but since her lover does not even love her, he might tell his friends about the story, and his friends posing as society would look at her an insane and mad human being since she is again viewed as someone who is not normal. Instead of making her boyfriend love her, she makes him dislike her more and more which will hurt herself in return because she suffocates him emotionally so much. Unawareness is not only causing one’s emotional distress over the differences between love and obsession, it causes them to not even realize the condition they are in such as isolation and a strong unnatural love. Humbert’s unnatural love in Lolita is finding girls too young for him, he works hard detaching himself from society thinking about Lolita and not conscious that he is possessed by thoughts about her. A similar thing happens to Grenouille in Perfume, he detaches once again himself from society for society, in other words his aim to reach the goal of the perfect scent is to satisfy society’s outlook on him and to fit in it as well. He becomes obsessed unknowingly, but because his obsession is so twisted and odd, society views him as someone who is different. Finally in Obsession, Anonymous is unaware that her love for her lover is pushing him farther instead of closer. In all these literature works, one thing they have in common is that their obsession hurts others as well as themselves physically and emotionally and they are unconscious of it happening. Because of that, the characters suffer thinking that they are satisfying others but in reality, they are just hurting them which is opposite of what they wanted to do in the first place. Thus being unaware of the problem is worse than being conscious of it. In terms of obsession vs. ove, there isn’t a major difference in the three characters because they all cannot distinguish between the two. However there is some kind of difference to when readers discover their unawareness. For example, Humbert only had obsession in his life since his first love in his life, and for Grenouille, it started when he realized people were abandoning him due to his lack of smell. Finally, for Anonymo us, it all starts when her boyfriend leads her on and she falls for the trap of his invisible love. Obsession does not only exist in storybooks, but they also exist in the real world. It’s happened to young kids, teenagers and adults. Let’s face it, it has happened to the vast majority of everyone. First, learning that your inspiration is a person or object, and then loving them so much, one would do anything to fulfill their desire associated with them. Finally, obsession rises and nothing can stop their love for that person or object. For example, a Chinese actor named Andy Lau had an obsessive fan. It seems nothing out of the ordinary but this particular obsessive fan had a father as a reporter and demanded to get a signature and photo from her favourite actor. However, when the father failed to do so, not only was he disappointed, but he was so disappointed and did not want to disappoint her daughter he committed suicide. The moral of the story: the media brain washes us into thinking that being the rich and the famous is the only goal in life thus why obsession exists today. Humbert, Grenouille and Anonymous are just like the daughter and father have an unawareness of their obsession with something or someone leads them to their downfall. The story also proves that an obsession of one person does not just affect themselves, it affects the people they care for and the people that they influence everyday. Works Cited Ackroyd, Peter. â€Å"Patrick Suskind. † Contemporary Literary Criticism. 1986. Adams, Robert M. â€Å"Patrick Suskind. † Contemporary Literary Criticism. 1986. Barber, Charles. â€Å"The brain: a mindless obsession. † The Wilson Quarterly 32. 1 (Wntr 2008): 32(13). General OneFile. Gale. Markham Public Libraries (CELPLO). 26 May 2008 . Hayat, Marc. â€Å"Psychoanalysis: Obsession. † Large Print Press 24 May 2008 . Pifer, Ellen. His monster, his nymphet: Nabokov and Mary Shelley. New York: Cambridge University Press , 1999. Prescott, Peter S. â€Å"Patrick Suskind. † Contemporary Literary Criticism. 1986. Simon, Schama. â€Å"Patrick Suskind. † Contemporary Literary Criticism. 1986. Quin, John D.. Nabokov’s World. New York: Penguin Books, 1998. Updike, John. â€Å"Patrick Suskind. † Contemporary Literary Criticism. 1986. Annotated Bibliography Ackroyd, Peter. â€Å"Patrick Suskind. â€Å"Contemporary Literary Criticism. 1986. This author writes his opinion on Patrick Suskind’s novel, Perfume. It is written in an encyclopedia format where they critique an author’s works. In this critique he describes the setting and idea of Perfume that it’s a story about odour and the whole surprising fact that Jean-Baptiste Grenouille does not have a scent at all. I took a quote from this author’s critique and it helped proved my point which was that Grenouille’s obsession is so strong that it has a separate presence. It is relevant to my essay because my thesis is to prove that they are unaware of the character’s obsessions. Hayat, Marc. â€Å"Psychoanalysis: Obsession. † Large Print Press 24 May 2008 . The author is writing what the definition of obsession is in an online journal and article. Many people are not aware of what obsession is because everyone may have a different definition. However, society will always portray one definition of obsession so I took a quote that defined the way society viewed obsession. It is relevant to my essay because one of my arguments is obsession vs. love. Lehmann-Haupt, Christopher. Nabokov’s World. New York: Penguin Books, 1998. Christopher Lehmann-Haupt wrote a very long and intriguing critique on Perfume, however I found no use for it. It talked a lot about how we feel sympathy for Grenouille’s character because he was born destined to have no scent and to ultimately be a killer. It didn’t really help me because it didn’t support my thesis nor any of my arguments. Pifer, Ellen. His monster, his nymphet: Nabokov and Mary Shelley. New York: Cambridge University Press , 1999. This author compares the monster in Mary Shelley’s book Frankenstein to Vladimir Nabokov’s novel Lolita. In the comparison, she describes Humbert indirectly as a person who may be questionable about his love for Lolita. He almost describes her like an object or animal in the quote I found. It is relevant to my essay because it fits right in to my argument of obsession vs. love and whether or not he knows the line between it. Quin, John D.. Nabokov’s World. New York: Penguin Books, 1998. This author talked a lot about Humbert’s obsession with nymphets. He talked about Humbert’s feelings when he went and decided to kill Lolita’s other lover. I took a quote from it which described how far Humbert was willing to go for love. This source is relevant to my essay because it shows the unnatural obsession of Humbert which is again one of my arguments. How to cite Obsessions and the Downfall It Brings Upon Life, Essay examples

Black Death (509 words) Essay Example For Students

Black Death (509 words) Essay Black Death?The Black Death serves as a major turning point in the history of European civilization.?The arrival of both the bubonic and pneumonic plagues threw Europe as a whole into an economic, social, and political tailspin. Europe was already on its collective way down economically due to declining areas of cultivation and the effects of prolonged warfare when, in 1347, the Black Death set upon the Europeans. For the next 100 years, Europeans would have to adapt to an extremely different and difficult lifestyle. The Plague cut through Europe like a giant scythe. Toulouse and the rural areas surrounding Pistoia lost close to two-thirds of their respective populations. Citizens began to seek isolation from each other, trying desperately to avoid infection. Cities were abandoned by their populations who were fleeing to the countryside. Farmers and other rural inhabitants were forced to move because of the vast numbers of people moving away from their cities and towns. With many dead and others not coming to work, crops were not harvested and factories and plants were slowed. Thus prices for everyday items skyrocketed. The Black Death severely accelerated and intensified Europes depression. The Plague also contributed to many of the citizen uprisings. Common people began to see that the rich and those in power were not exempt from the rules of the Black Death. The Plague could and did attack the papacy. When the common citizens realized the high class and the rulers were dying and suffering just as they were, commoners started insurrections. Lay people all over Europe saw that the rich were not much different from them as they were told to believe. The church was also attacked due to the Black Death. In Rome, the pope decided to move to Avignon because of the turmoil in Central Italy. Many different factions and subcultures developed. Radical religious leaders urged people to go their own way or seek isolation because man is good in nature whereas the church had always preached man is born into sin. Eckhart, Wyclif, and Hus all preached and taught beliefs that were not church sanctioned. Politically Europe was in shambles. Countries fought each other while their citizen s fought themselves. France and England were engaged in the Hundred Years War that was a series of battles that went on from 1337-1453. Germany was in a state of anarchy from 1350 to 1450. The many independent princes of Germany continually fought against each other. England was hit hard at home as well. Of the nine kings that came to power between 1307 and 1485, five died at the hands of conspirators or due to revolts. Also, Englands incompetent government helped fan the flames of the War or the Roses between House of Lancaster and the House of York. The Black Plague played a pivotal rule in shaping Europe into its present day state. The Black Death was a setback but it also served as a reminder and experience needed to show human drive and will to live by our own means. European History

Is Our Society to Dependent of Computers free essay sample

Is Our Society too Dependent on Computers? Computers have found their way into just about every aspect of our lives, and in most cases, they make things easier for us. They allow people to work from home, socialize with friends and family, and they provide an ever-welcome stress relief from school or work. Since their invention, people far and wide have become increasingly dependent on computers. Children today are growing up in a world where computers are needed to do everything from controlling vicious heat seeking missiles to saving lives.The computers role in education is growing with increasing investments and technological innovation. The computer is a good thing, but the world must proceed with caution and a critical eye. As people increasingly rely on computers to get through the day, the question begs to be asked: is our society too dependent on computers? Despite the many benefits of computers, there are also a number of arguments against them, one of which is the negative effect some believe they are having on childrens education. We will write a custom essay sample on Is Our Society to Dependent of Computers or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Illiteracy is a growing issue, and many say that computers are to blame.In the past few years, many teachers have taken to shuffling their students off to a computer to type out short, quick assignments that could easily be written out by hand. While this is not much of an issue for older students, it is an issue for the younger students who are just learning to read and write. Regardless of how much we are coming to rely on computers, printing and handwriting are a necessary skill to have. But typing out assignments has an effect on more than just the ability to print; it can also negatively impact their spelling and grammar.While most programs now have spelling and grammar-check, they are not foolproof; they cannot differentiate between groups of words that have the same spelling but different meanings and will often times suggest corrections that are not, in fact, correct. Furthermore, information is often more easily and accurately remembered when children have to spend a little time writing it out by hand, rather than a few quick minutes typing away at a keyboard. Because of these factors some believe, computers in school should be reserved for older students, longer assignments, or classes which specifically teach how to use a computer.Another case against computers arises when a persons interest in computers goes too far and becomes an obsession. Computers make it possible to do many things from the comfort of our own home; we can shop online, keep in touch with our friends online, even go to school online. They make it easier to record and organize information and entertain us with a nearly endless variety of games. However, it is still important to maintain a life outside of the cyber world.When a computer becomes the central point of a persons life, they undergo a change in behavior; they become idle and develop anti-social tendencies, and, in some severe cases, simply cannot function without a computer. It is a common thing seen in children who have been allowed to spend too much time on the computer, watching television, or playing video games but when it comes time to walk away, they throw temper tantrums. But it is not just a matter of behavioral changes, when a person cannot tear themselves away from the screen long enough to take part in any other activity, it can take a toll on their health.They may experience weight gain, strained eyes, and headaches, among other unpleasant side-effects. Computers can also have a negative effect on the environment. Firstly they are a major source of energy consumption. Whole buildings are full of desks running computers day and night, causing a major drain on our natural resources. New computers become outdated far too quickly. Manufacturers are developing hardware at such a vast rate that people feel the need to upgrade. After upgrading the old hardware is obsolete and is usually disposed of.There are a lot of harmful substances that make up a modern computer, and these should, but are not always disposed of correctly. Many end up in landfills. These are just examples of issues with household computers. Instead of writing a check, people whip out their debit/ credit cards to pay for things when they are short on cash. What happens when the internet goes down and they are stuck in the checkout line with two hundred dollars worth of groceries, and no way to pay for them because they do not have a blank check?What happens when everyone is driving their fancy, futuristic cars that run on a computer chip and something goes wrong? In a few hundred years, will anyone know how to drive the cars of today? People put their computers through a lot of grief because they dont quite know what theyre doing when they dec ide to fix a problem or clean up their hard drive, but there are also errors in programming, bugs that need to be fixed long after the product is out on the market, and there are always people trying to ruin a perfectly good thing with nasty computer viruses. Perhaps the most convincing argument, however, is the issue of safety. Aside from the issue of sharing personal information such as full names and addresses, there is also the bigger issue of stolen personal information. As our dependence on computers grows, so does our comfort level with them, people are more likely to save personal information to our computer. While it would be nice to think that it is always perfectly safe to do so, the fact is that there are predators that have any number of ways to gain access to personal files, and therefore, any personal information stored on your computer.Even if you do not knowingly keep any personal information on your computer, if you bank or shop online at all, it is possible for someone who knows what they are doing to gain access to delicate financial information. There is also the threat of younger computer users being introduced to violence and sex. As many negative aspects as there are against computers there are also positive ones. The first computers differed drastically from the ones we are accustomed to using. They were so massive that they occupied whole rooms or buildings and were also relatively slow.Nowadays they can perform many complex operations simultaneously and there are numerous jobs that could not be done without the aid of a computer. Imagine how much paper would be wasted and how many trees would have to be cut down just to save the information that is today saved on a computer. Computers can also calculate and process information faster and more accurate than a human. There is an ever-increasing desire to get children started learning early, even before schools start.Pre-Kindergarten programs or parent teaching is necessary for preschoolers to be prepared for a kindergarten curriculum that no longer starts with the absolute basic skills and knowledge. Kindergarten has a more advanced curriculum than it did years ago, and technology is available to help parents teach kids the basics before they ever go to school. There are many educational websites that feature games based on math, spelling, color recognition, reading and other basic educational necessities that children enjoy playing.Getting practice in this way, prior to enrollment, allows school systems to start at a higher level. The easy access and sharing capability of the Internet allows students to access study guides, tests and even grades through their computers. In addition to making these materials available to students on their home computers, there is the fact that this technology allows schools to save money on printing and save time on distributing paper copies of everything a student needs to know. Not every student has the same mental and physical ability.Therefore, there must be ways to convey information and allow for completion of work that vary with some stud ents. Technology plays an important role in providing assistive devices to learning or physically disabled students. The computer era has unveiled new career dimensions. Specialists are required by companies, organizations, governments and other bodies to run the computer innovations in these areas. Globalization has resulted to a more search and availability of international career opportunities. Through the Internet, organizations can advertise their job vacancies to the society regardless of border limits.They can source for manpower from all the spheres of the world. Timely and up to date information is now moved from one point to another in order to reach the intended audience. The core issue is that, there is faster and convenient transmission of this data to the destination point. Think of for example, the Internet, you log on to the Web and minutes after, you have written down your content and placed the send button and instantaneously its delivered to the another part of the world. This is truly amazing. Another area computers impact is the entertainment area.Most people like science fiction or action movies, especially the ones with the neat looking effects. Well, those graphics were mostly made by computers. Most of the movies today use computer graphics to make things more realistic. Computer graphics are mostly used to create spaceships, aliens, monsters, and special effects. Movies like Jurassic Park, Starship Troopers, Star Wars SE, and the latest Star Trek Movies used computers to make them look more interesting and realistic. There are even movies completely made by computers like Toy Story and A Bugs Life.Finally, the most signigicant role computers play is in the medical field. Their uses include storing patient related data, housing knowledge bases, scanning and imaging the body, and facilitating speedy communications. Patient records are stored on computer databases in the medical field. Details of the medications prescribed are stored together with details of any that cannot be prescribed. Appointments are scheduled using a computer database. Billing information is also stored. Hospitals and surgeries depend on computers for administrative and financial functions.Hospital monitoring equipment is often based on computer programming. Emergency alarms, bed beeping systems and X-ray machines are all examples of equipment using computer technology. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computer tomography (CT) employ computer software. High-resolution images are achieved with the use of sophisticated computers and infrared cameras. Some surgical procedures are even computer guided. Computers also monitor heart rates, pulse rates and brain readings. It would be virtually impossible for a human to do this.Computer networking facilitates fast communication. Doctors on opposite sides of the world can communicate instantly via the internet. Images and messages can be exchanged in seconds and conclusions can be reached speedily. Computers are also used in the medical field in the manufacture of medications. Patients benefit from readily available information on the internet. Computer applications help in research studies. Computers are a must have in every medical profession. Computers have impacted the way we live on a large scale.You will find computers in hospitals, libraries, schools and banks, each running tasks that would be difficult for people to do on their own. The computer has been widely considered as one of the greatest inventions of the 21st century, but it also is blamed for many day-to-day problems and even tragic events. As computer technology advances, the effects will continue to change the world for better or worse. One thing is apparent computers and the technologies they possess are not going anywhere therefore society will become increasingly dependent upon them.

Haier’s Strategy for Global Success Essay Essays

Haier’s Strategy for Global Success Essay Essays Haier’s Strategy for Global Success Essay Essay Haier’s Strategy for Global Success Essay Essay In 1920s China. a little mill opened in Qingdao. Shandong state. to fabricate iceboxs. Though the Qingdao mill survived for more than sixty old ages. by the early 1980s. hapless direction and heavy debt about forced it to declare bankruptcy. At the same clip. the gap of the Chinese economic system to the international market saw an inflow of foreign companies seeking investing chances. One such company was Liebherr Haushaltergate ( Liebherr ) . a prima German contraption shaper. Liebherr saw a burgeoning market for contraptions. and proposed a partnership with the Qingdao mill. in which Liebherr’s engineering and fabrication know-how would be sold to the mill. In 1984. Qingdao Refrigerator Co. Ltd. was born out of this partnership. However. engineering entirely was non plenty to deliver the company. : That same twelvemonth. CEO Zhang Ruimin. so the helper director of Qingdao city’s family contraption division. arrived. conveying with him direction techniques adopted from Japan and the West. with a focal point on constructing a strong trade name name founded on quality merchandises. Mr. Ruimin’s techniques were successful. and by 1991 the company had turned a considerable net income and diversified into other family contraptions such as deep-freezes. microwaves and air conditioners. Acknowledging that the company’s name was no longer synonymous with its merchandises and had a hapless repute from its anterior history. Mr. Ruimin decided to take a new name. The company adopted an abbreviation of the phonic spelling of Liebherr – written as Lieberhaier – to go the Haier Group Corporation ( Haier ) . This name alteration marked the birth of a new trade name name and the revival of the company’s image. Capitalizing on its new direction and trade name. Haier transformed itself into the 2nd largest place contraption company in the universe. and the figure one such company in China. By 2010. Haier designed. manufactured and marketed over 15. 000 merchandises in 96 classs sold in over 100 states throughout the universe. Branding The beginning of Haier’s trade name scheme is the material of corporate fable. In 1985. one of the company’s clients brought back a icebox ( still a rare luxury point in China at the clip ) because it did non work. Mr. Ruimin and the client went through all the company’s available stock of iceboxs until they eventually found a on the job theoretical account. Of the 400 or so finished iceboxs in the mill at the clip. 76 were found to non be in working order. In response. he called his employees together and ordered that all of the flop iceboxs be lined up on the mill floor. He so gave mauls to the workers and ordered them to nail the iceboxs. Mr. Ruimin is reported to hold told the workers: ‘Destroy them! If we pass these 76 iceboxs for sale. we will be go oning a error that has all but bankrupted our company. † This event brought the importance of quality merchandises to everyone in the company. and Mr. Ruimin stressed to them that quality merchandises linked to a strong trade name name were indispensable to the company’s endurance. With this new committedness to quality. the installing of new equipment and the transportation of fabricating know-how from Liebherr. gross revenues rose 83 % in two old ages. With the company’s repute increasing. the name alteration to Haier created a new trade name synonymous with choice cutting-edge engineering that would animate client assurance and make off with any negative sentiments associated with the company’s former name. Developing new merchandises backed by rational belongings rights ( IPRs ) such as patents ensured that the brand’s success would go on and it would keep a competitory border. The company and its clients besides took pride in the ability of the Haier trade name to successfully vie with more constituted international rivals. Haier knew that its trade name was its most valuable resource. with trade name image at the nucleus of its concern individuality and scheme. therefore its early stigmatization scheme was to construct a strong. taking national trade name name. Throughout the 1990s. the company realized its vision. and made multiple acquisitions to diversify its merchandise portfolio and the company trade name rapidly become omnipresent throughout China. With its place in China profitable and secure. Haier embarked on a planetary stigmatization scheme. This scheme aims to place the company as a local trade name in different universe markets in concurrence with enhanced merchandise fight and strong corporate operations. The company focuses on placing the design. fabrication and gross revenues procedures. so it can truly go a â€Å"local† trade name. The company is near to accomplishing its end in of import markets such as the United States and Europe. in which it has local production installations. Its merchandises are available in 12 of the top 15 concatenation shops in Europe and in 10 of the taking concatenation shops in the United States. Research and Development Since the company’s restructuring in the early 1980s. introducing new quality merchandises has been of cardinal importance to its end of constructing a globally recognized trade name name. Haier and its subordinate companies invariably focus on introducing new merchandises through research and development ( R A ; D ) . One such engineering the company’s R A ; D attempts developed is its â€Å"Safe Care† engineering. which it applies to contraptions such as H2O warmers. Safe Care proctors wiring and electrical constituents of the contraption and gives a warning should any electricity escape pose a hazard to the consumer. This engineering was introduced at the 66th International Electrotechnical Commission Conference in 2002. and merchandises equipped with Safe Care went on sale in 2006. This is merely one illustration of Haier’s advanced capablenesss through its R A ; D attempts. The R A ; D section is besides responsible for developing all of the computing machine package that runs its merchandises such as Safe Care. and this is an indispensable portion of the company’s R A ; D scheme. Patents. Copyrights and Hallmarks Haier’s invention and enlargement has led it to be the proprietor of over 6. 000 patents and over 500 package right of first publications worldwide. To keep its competitory border. the company ensures that it secures protection for all of its rational belongings ( IP ) . Haier is an devouring user of the Patent Cooperation Treaty ( PCT ) system. and has made over 20 PCT applications. Because the company endeavors to construct a planetary trade name. hallmarks are besides an indispensable facet of its IP scheme. As such. Haier has registered a hallmark for its company name under the international Madrid system. It has besides made hallmark enrollments for its name in the United States with the United States Patent and Trademark Office ( USPTO ) and in Europe with the Trademark and Designs Registration Office of the European Union ( OHIM ) . Commercialization Haier designs. green goodss and markets its merchandises through its planetary web and concern model. As of 2010. Haier had 15 industrial composites. 30 abroad production mills and bases. eight design centres and over 58. 000 gross revenues agents worldwide. In the domestic market. Haier focuses on four taking merchandise classs: iceboxs. refrigerating cabinets. air conditioners and rinsing machines. Haier besides has a important consumer electronics division. For international markets. Haier has adopted a alone scheme to perforate hard markets such as the United States and Europe. When it foremost entered the market in the United States. it identified two potentially moneymaking yet developing niche markets – that of little sized iceboxs for residence hall suites. hotels. and the similar ; and electric vino basements. Haier’s imports of these contraptions. coupled with a strong design and development squad. helped the company quickly develop its trade name. and by 2000 it was a major participant in both merchandise markets. The success of Haier in such niche markets has allowed its trade name name to go good known. which encouraged the company to aim the higher-end full size icebox market in the United States. To make so. the company built its first fabrication works in the United States in Camden. South Carolina in 1999. In line with the company’s end of doing its trade name name â€Å"local† in international markets. this enterprise was a resonant success. Haier has since undertaken similar enterprises in other markets such as the European Union and the Middle East. Business Consequences Haier’s focal point on constructing a strong trade name has brought it from the threshold of bankruptcy to one of the most successful contraption companies in the universe. By 2010 the company had over 50. 000 world-wide employees. It enjoyed an one-year growing rate of 68 % between 1984 and 2005. with gross in 2005 numbering 103. 4 billion Chinese Renminbi ( RMB ) . The company enjoys a 40 % market portion for family contraptions in China and has successfully entered hard markets such as the United States. and it is now the world’s figure two icebox maker. merely 2nd to Whirlpool. Despite the economic slack in 2008. Haier net incomes increased about 20 % that twelvemonth and enjoyed net net incomes of RMB 768 million. In 2004. Haier acquired a commanding interest in Haier-CCT Holdings. a joint venture which was listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange that same twelvemonth. Haier’s international success and good known trade name name led to the company going an official patron for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. Success Built on the Shoulders of Branding Key to any company’s success is its trade name. and strong trade names allow a company to non merely turn domestically but besides internationally. Haier rode the moving ridge of its strong domestic trade name to come in new markets and expand into a fast turning transnational corporation. In March 2009. the Financial Times recognized Haier’s success when it ranked it among the Top 10 Chinese World-class Brands. Through protecting its IP and trade name names with hallmarks. Haier has built up a powerful plus that has transformed the company and brought planetary acknowledgment for its trade name and merchandises.

Marquis de Montcalm in the French and Indian War

Marquis de Montcalm in the French and Indian War Marquis de Montcalm - Early Life Career: Born February 28, 1712 at Chateau de Candiac near Nà ®mes, France, Louis-Joseph de Montcalm-Gozon was the son of Louis-Daniel de Montcalm and Marie-Thà ©rà ¨se de Pierre. At the age of nine, his father arranged for him to be commissioned as an ensign in the Rà ©giment d’Hainaut. Remaining at home, Montcalm was educated by a tutor and in 1729 received a commission as a captain. Moving to active service three years later, he took part in the War of the Polish Succession. Serving under Marshal de Saxe and the Duke of Berwick, Montcalm saw action during the siege of Kehl and Philippsburg. Following his fathers death in 1735, he inherited the title of Marquis de Saint-Veran. Returning home, Montcalm married Angà ©lique-Louise Talon de Boulay on October 3, 1736. Marquis de Montcalm - War of the Austrian Succession: With the beginning of the War of the Austrian Succession in late 1740, Montcalm obtained an appointment as aide-de-camp to Lieutenant General Marquis de La Fare. Besieged at Prague with Marshal de Belle-Isle, he sustained a wound but quickly recovered. Following the French withdraw in 1742, Montcalm sought to improve his situation. On March 6, 1743, he purchased the colonelcy of the Rà ©giment dAuxerrois for 40,000 livres. Taking part in Marshal de Maillebois campaigns in Italy, he earned the Order of Saint Louis in 1744. Two years later, Montcalm sustained five saber wounds and was taken prisoner by the Austrians at the Battle of Piacenza. Paroled after seven months in captivity, he received a promotion to brigadier for his performance in the 1746 campaign. Returning to active duty in Italy, Montcalm fell wounded during the defeat at Assietta in July 1747. Recovering, he later aided in lifting the siege of Ventimiglia. With the end of the war in 1748, Montcalm found himself in command of part of the army in Italy. In February 1749, his regiment was absorbed by another unit. As a result, Montcalm lost his investment in the colonelcy. This was offset when he was commissioned mestre-de-camp and given permission to raise a regiment of cavalry bearing his own name. These efforts strained Montcalms fortunes and on July 11, 1753, his petition to the Minister of War, Comte d’Argenson, for a pension was granted in the amount of 2,000 livres annually. Retiring to his estate, he enjoyed the country life and society in Montpellier. Marquis de Montcalm - The French Indian War: The next year, tensions between Britain and France exploded in North American following Lieutenant Colonel George Washingtons defeat at Fort Necessity. As the French Indian War began, British forces won a victory at the Battle of Lake George in September 1755. In the fighting, the French commander in North America, Jean Erdman, Baron Dieskau, fell wounded and was captured by the British. Seeking a replacement for Dieskau, the French command selected Montcalm and promoted him to major general on March 11, 1756. Sent to New France (Canada), his orders gave him command of forces in the field but made him subordinate to the governor-general, Pierre de Rigaud, Marquis de Vaudreuil-Cavagnial. Sailing from Brest with reinforcements on April 3, Montcalms convoy reached the St. Lawrence River five weeks later. Landing at Cap Tourmente, he proceeded overland to Quebec before pressing on to Montreal to confer with Vaudreuil. In the meeting, Montcalm learned of Vaudreuils intention to attack Fort Oswego later in the summer. After being sent to inspect Fort Carillon (Ticonderoga) on Lake Champlain, he returned to Montreal to oversee operations against Oswego. Striking in mid-August, Montcalms mixed force of regulars, colonials, and Native Americans captured the fort after a brief siege. Though a victory, Montcalm and Vaudreuils relationship showed signs of strain as they disagreed over strategy and the effectiveness of colonial forces. Marquis de Montcalm - Fort William Henry: In 1757, Vaudreuil ordered Montcalm to attack British bases south of Lake Champlain. This directive was in line with his preference for conducting spoiling attacks against the enemy and conflicted with Montcalms belief that New France should be protected by a static defense. Moving south, Montcalm mustered around 6,200 men at Fort Carillon before moving across Lake George to strike at Fort William Henry. Coming ashore, his troops isolated the fort on August 3. Later that day he demanded that Lieutenant Colonel George Monro surrender his garrison. When the British commander refused, Montcalm began the Siege of Fort William Henry. Lasting six days, the siege ended with Monro finally capitulating. The victory lost a bit of luster when a force of Native Americans who had fought with the French attacked the paroled British troops and their families as they departed the area. Marquis de Montcalm - Battle of Carillon: Following the victory, Montcalm elected to withdraw back to Fort Carillon citing a lack of supplies and the departure of his Native American allies. This angered Vaudreuil who had desired his field commander to push south to Fort Edward. That winter, the situation in New France deteriorated as food became scarce and the two French leaders continued to quarrel. In the spring of 1758, Montcalm returned to Fort Carillon with the intention of stopping a thrust north by Major General James Abercrombie. Learning that the British possessed around 15,000 men, Montcalm, whose army mustered less than 4,000, debated if and where to make a stand. Electing to defend Fort Carillon, he ordered its outer works expanded. This work was nearing completion when Abercrombies army arrived in early July. Shaken by the death of his skilled second-in-command, Brigadier General George Augustus Howe, and concerned that Montcalm would receive reinforcements, Abercrombie ordered his men to assault Montcalms works on July 8 without bringing up his artillery. In making this rash decision, Abercrombie failed to see obvious advantages in the terrain which would have allowed him to easily defeat the French. Instead, the Battle of Carillon saw British forces mount numerous frontal assaults against Montcalms fortifications. Unable to break through and having taken heavy losses, Abercrombie fell back across Lake George. Marquis de Montcalm - Defense of Quebec: As in the past, Montcalm and Vaudreuil fought in the wake of the victory over credit and the future defense of New France. With the loss of Louisbourg in late July, Montcalm became increasingly pessimistic about whether New France could be held. Lobbying Paris, he asked for reinforcements and, fearing defeat, to be recalled. This latter request was denied and on October 20, 1758, Montcalm received a promotion to lieutenant general and made Vaudreuils superior. As 1759 approached, the French commander anticipated a British onslaught on multiple fronts. In early May 1759, a supply convoy reached Quebec with a few reinforcements. A month later a large British force led by Admiral Sir Charles Saunders and Major General James Wolfe arrived in the St. Lawrence. Building fortifications on the north shore of the river to the east of the city at Beauport, Montcalm successfully frustrated Wolfes initial operations. Seeking other options, Wolfe had several ships run upstream past Quebecs batteries. These began seeking landing sites to the west. Locating a site at Anse-au-Foulon, British forces started crossing on September 13. Moving up the heights, they formed for battle on the Plains of Abraham. After learning of this situation, Montcalm raced west with his men. Arriving on the plains, he immediately formed for battle despite the fact that Colonel Louis-Antoine de Bougainville was marching to his aid with around 3,000 men. Montcalm justified this decision by expressing concern that Wolfe would fortify the position at Anse-au-Foulon. Opening the Battle of Quebec, Montcalm moved to attack in columns. In doing so, the French lines became somewhat disorganized as they crossed the uneven terrain of the plain. Under orders to hold their fire until the French were within 30-35 yards, the British troops had double-charged their muskets with two balls. After enduring two volleys from the French, the front rank opened fire in a volley that was compared to a cannon shot. Advancing a few paces, the second British line unleashed a similar volley shattering the French lines. Early in the battle, Wolfe was hit in the wrist. Tending to the injury he continued, but was soon hit in the stomach and chest. Issuing his final orders, he died on the field. With the French army retreating towards the city and the St. Charles River, the French militia continued to fire from nearby woods with the support of floating battery near the St. Charles River bridge. During the retreat, Montcalm was hit in the lower abdomen and thigh. Taken into the city, he died the next day. Initially buried near the city, Montcalms remains were moved several times until being reinterred at the cemetery of the Quebec General Hospital in 2001. Selected Sources Military Heritage: Marquis de MontcalmQuebec History: Marquis de Montcalm Fort Ticonderoga: Marquis de Montcalm

The US Video Game Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The US Video Game Market - Essay Example The rapid technological development in the platform contributes to the video game market. During August 2008, Nintendo Wii console still holds the top notch with sales of 453,000 units (Haskins 2008). On the other hand, consumers purchase 518,000 units of portable Nintendo DS Systems. Next are Sony PlayStation Portable and PlayStation 3 consoles with sold 253,000 and 185,400 units, respectively. Last is Microsoft Xbox with sales of 195,200 during the same period. Looking at year on year performance, Sony's consoles are showing the most robust growth (Haskins 2008). The market for video games is evolving to become a family oriented activity instead of just being an occupation of hobbyist. The expansion then is through the involvement of more adult gamers. The sale of game product in aged 25-34 jumped by 63.4% from 2006-2007 surpassing the 42% recorded for 18-24 market group (Emigh 2008). The most suitable project manager for this project should have a strong marketing and economics background in order to understand the issues of the still growing video game market. The knowledge in marketing will enable the manager to analyze trends and their implications together with the movement in demand. Having an in-depth understanding of marketing techniques will enable the manager to interpret where the market is going through an analysis of the strategies employed by competing players.

Find solution and essay(Easy work) Research Paper

Find solution and essay(Easy work) - Research Paper Example From the lists of tables provided by the Bureau of Economic Analysis, Table 2.1 shows the Personal Income and its Disposition (www.bea.gov, 1). Nominal personal income for the first quarter of 2011 is $12,980 billion while nominal disposable income is $11,711.6 billion after deducting nominal or current personal taxes of $1,268.4 billion. Nominal personal consumption or personal consumption expenditures comprise the largest part of the personal outlays as it amounted to $10, 683.8 billion. The nominal personal savings or the amount left from the disposable income after deduction of the personal outlays is $663.6 billion. Marginal propensity to save or MPS is the increase in savings per unit increase in income. It is computed by dividing the change in savings by the change in income. From the same table, Table 2.1, savings increased from $640 billion in the last quarter of 2010 to $663.6 billion in the first quarter in 2011. This means that savings increased by $23.6 billion. On the other hand, personal income also increased from $12,724 billion in the last quarter of 2010 to $12,980 billion in the first quarter of 2011. After subtracting the two amounts, there was a $256 billion increase in the personal income. From the formula, MPS = change in savings / change in income, MPS is equal to 0.09. Marginal propensity to consume or MPC is the increase in consumption spending per unit increase in income. It is computed by dividing the change in consumption expenditures by the change in income. And based from Table 2.1, personal consumption expenditure in the last quarter of 2010 was $10,513.6 and $10,683.8 in the first quarter of 2011. So, a $170.2 billion increase in personal consumption expenditure was computed. Following the formula, MPC = change in consumption/ change in income, MPC is equal to 0 .66. However, if MPS and MPC will be computed using income after deduction of

The Impact of Firs Reforms on Tax Collection Essay Example for Free

The Impact of Firs Reforms on Tax Collection Essay Thus, it has been stated that the importance of taxation lies primarily in its ability to raise capital for the development and growth of the economy and also in assisting the regulation of the consumption pattern, resulting in economic stabilization and effective redistribution of income (ICAN, 2009). The Nigerian tax system takes after the political structure of the country. As we have three (3) tiers of government (Federal, State and Local Government), we also have a distinct tax administration at each tier of government with the joint tax board playing an overarching supervisory role. The Joint Tax Board (JTB) is an off shoot of the Income Tax Management Act (ITMA) 1961 with the main objective of bringing uniformity in the administration of the various regional tax administrations. The Joint Tax Board was established under section 86 of the personal Income Tax Act Cap p. 8 LFN 2004. The section provides that the chairman of the JTB shall be the chairman of the Federal Board of Inland Revenue (Amawhe A. S, 2010). The administration of taxation on the profits of incorporate companies is vested in the Federal Inland Revenue service (FIRS) whose management board is known as the Federal Board of Inland Revenue (FBIR) (Section 1-3 FIRS establishment Act). The various taxes collected by the FIRS are; (1) Companies Income Tax (2) Withholding Tax on companies, resident of Federal capital territory, Abuja and non-resident individuals (3) Petroleum Profit Tax (4) Value Added Tax (5) Education Tax 6) Capital Gains Tax on residents of the Federal capital territory, Abuja, bodies corporate and non-resident individuals (7) Stamp Duties on bodies corporate and residents of the Federal capital territory, Abuja (8) Personal Income Tax in respect of:- * Members of the Armed Forces of the Federation * Members of the Nigerian Police Force * Residents of the Federal capital Territory, Abuja and * Staff of the ministry of foreign affairs and non-resident individuals. (9) National Information Technology Development Levy Value added tax as one of the taxes collected by the FIRS is an area of taxation that has high prospects of improving the internally generated revenue of the Nigerian government. The VAT system in Nigeria started with acceptance of the recommendation of a study group on indirect taxation in November 1991. The decision to accept the recommendation was made public in the 1992 budget speech of the Head of State. This resulted in setting up the modified value-added tax (MVAT) committee on 1st June, 1992 as recommended by the study group. The introduction of VAT in Nigeria through Decree 102 of 1993 marks the phasing out for the Sales Tax Decree No. 7 of 1986. The Decree took effect on 1st December, 1993 but administrative arrangement, involving for tax purpose commenced January, 1994. Value Added Tax is a tax on the supply of goods and services which is eventually born by the final consumers but collected at each stage of production and distribution chain. The introduction of VAT made government reasoned that, it will be virtually impossible to evade tax (Olatunji, O. C. , 2009). The reforms of the various taxes collectible at the Federal level in Nigeria have been a key component of the economic reforms implemented from the second half of 2986. The reforms that characterized the taxes have been undertaken as part of the overall programme of making the public sector and its activities more efficient and growth-promoting across sectors of the economy (Olopoenia et al). As nearly all the taxes at the federal level have undergone one reform r the other especially in the area of structure, there is a need to ask whether the reforms have increase the tax revenue collected by the Federal Inland Revenue Service.

Human Cloning :: Essays Papers

Human Cloning Cloning is the reproduction of an organism created non-sexually through the genetic material of another organism (â€Å"Human Cloning†). Although human cloning has not yet happened, many people believe that it should be banned because of ethics and morals involving unnatural birth. Certain religious groups believe that cloning is unethical because it takes over God’s role of creation. Cloning is a new idea to society, and just as in the past, advances in technology and medicine have scared people because of the risks involved. This has made it easy for society to want to avoid what might happen after the process of cloning has started. However, many people do not realize how cloning can positively affect their lives. Cloning is a tremendous technological breakthrough for this century and it is an inevitable advancement for the future. One of the major benefits offered through cloning is towards couples that cannot naturally conceive a child. There are over twelve million Americans at childbearing age who are infertile, which is major problem not only in the United States, but also throughout the world (Hoon). These couples have wasted valuable time and gone through much pain with infertility treatments. Even these treatments are not very dependable and cannot guarantee positive results, so couples are still left without children (â€Å"Benefits†). Cloning embryos allows a couple not only to have a child, but also allows them to pass on their genes (Brown). This solution would provide positive results for all of the infertile couples. This is one of the problems that millions of Americans will have solved through human cloning. Aside from infertile couples, there are many other problems that human cloning will solve for people. Doctors will be able to produce the exact copy of a peoples organs and even their skin (â€Å"Benefits†). This will be a miraculous event for burn victims and those who need organ transplants. Burned victims would be able to replace their skin with artificially produced replacement tissues (Hoon). Cloning organs would save the lives of the millions of Americans waiting for liver and kidney transplants, as well.

Improving Youth Roles in Poverty Reduction

IMPROVING YOUTH ROLES IN POVERTY ERADICATION Poverty is one of the biggest problems that is faced by almost every nation world wide, including Indonesia. It is a clinched problem that is influenced by various factor such as income rate, access to education, public health services, environmental issues, and another basic needs. Eradicating poverty has always been discussed in both regional and international meeting and conferences, yet there is no suitable approach can be found to fight against it.Indonesia, as a developing country in Asia, has more than thirty million people living under poverty line. Government has been trying to actuate many program that seemingly can reduce the number of poverty. It is essential to be perceived that poverty is not only individual problem, this is also considered as structural problem which means that it needs an integrated method and approach to handle it. Regarding this, government is not the only party that has responsibility to work on poverty eradication, it’s a must that the society be involved in.Talking about society participation in reducing poverty numbers, youth is the most potential element that has a role as the agent of changes that carries out social missions to better a country’s life. Young people need to play a key role in shaping the future of their nations and communities and yet they are often excluded from the decision making processes. They should be at the forefront of global change and innovation. Empowered, they can be key agents for development and peace. Youth has fresh, creative ideas and perspectives which can be very helpful in finding solutions to development problems.However, this is not going to run smoothly if young people has no concern about the future life of their country nor have any sense of belonging to the country which will be the obstacles to the government to succeed this approach. Attracting young people to actively and productively engaged in government program of empowerment is the prior task. This has to be started from a very early level of education, young people has to have a great empathy toward social issues. This feeling of empathy will bring them closer to concrete actions and efforts to fight against poverty.Youth can take a part in different ways, those are: 1) giving help in fundraising or charity event, this can help many lives to get better access to basic needs and provide them a better living standard, 2) conducting social projects related to poverty reduction, youth as social control can attempt many social projects in distinctive areas in order to help government works on society empowerment and address local development challenges in their communities, 3) contributing ideas and initiatives towards government policy, youth is the representative of the whole citizen can work together to find the best solution for fight against poverty and for sure build a strong relations between the state and society by collaborating with yo uth â€Å"champions† within government, 4) being a social entrepreneur, it is a sort of entrepreneur who runs a business whose profit is going to be allocated to the poor, 5) getting involved in youth organizations for change, this is kind of organizations which is being spread out around the globe, it helps young people develop their skills and awareness towards social and environmental issues and 6) advocacy, generally defined as an action for carrying out public interest, youth in advocacy can give important contribution in monitoring service provision at different levels.

Christic figure Essay

The character of Jefferson in Ernest Gaines’ A Lesson before Dying represents a figure upon whom the ridicule and disgraceful lot of his is cast. As a slow witted man, his handicap is treated as typical of his entire race, and this disability as compared to other men is used as a symbol of the inferiority of his whole race. Throughout his experience as an accused and a convict, he comes to realize that his impending death will be of great significance to his race. He realizes that however he chooses to handle this death, whether with dignity or dishonor, will serve to confer this quality upon his entire race. This places Jefferson in a situation that is akin to that in which Christ finds himself during his lifetime, and Jefferson might therefore be considered a Christic figure in the novel. Despite his humanity, Jefferson lays claim to having another nature. When described by his lawyer as being no more able to plot the crime than a hog might have been, Jefferson latches on to this idea and considers himself as not fully human but having the nature of a hog. This connects him to Christ as he too denied the human nature, claiming a more divine one as he walked on earth. Furthermore, just as Jefferson’s â€Å"hog-like† nature precluded his ability to plot and execute the heinous crime of which he is accused and convicted, so was Christ’s divine nature one that prevented him from having the ability to commit the sins of humanity for which he was convicted. Therefore, the connection between Jefferson and Christ might already be seen to be a strong one as they both lay claim to natures that are non-human and that do not admit of the wrongs for which they are falsely accused. Throughout the novel, Jefferson can be seen to reclaim his humanity, after being considered a hog—being called one in the courtroom—and then taking on the nature of the hog in his actions and through his own confessions. He begins to change from his usual dim-wittedness into a more conscious and cognitive being as he is encouraged to think and write the thoughts down in a journal. The reader begins to see his humanity shine through his debased aspect, very much like the humanity of Christ is evident despite his divine nature. Yet, though Jefferson’s humanity represents an elevation (and Christ’s is usually considered a demotion from his deity), Christ’s humanity, like Jefferson’s, might also be seen in a manner of elevation, the way he was elevated on the Cross. Throughout Jefferson’s time in prison, many more people came to visit him—and the visits increased as he neared his execution. This demonstrates his elevation to a place of note and celebrity, akin to that place Christ now has in the world because of his death. Another aspect of his character that connects him to Christ is Jefferson’s admission that he would like to be given a vat of ice-cream. This occurrence, fist of all, points toward the extent to which Jefferson has been denied the pleasures of humanity, as he admits that he has never been granted more than a thimble full of this substance. This might be compared to the way in which Christ denies himself many worldly pleasures in order to maintain his disconnection from the sinful human nature. Secondly, this request might also be compared to one of Christ’s last requests, where on the Cross he asks for some water to quench his thirst. Jefferson’s thirst might here be considered his lifelong deprival of this treat, and in this way both Christ and Jefferson seek to satisfy their thirst before dying. The writer of the novel places Jefferson in the situation of being a representative of his race. As a black man living in the south, Jefferson’s wrongful imprisonment demonstrates the lot of his fellow black persons, who lived in a perpetual state of imprisonment within their black skins and within a system that grants them few freedoms because of the color of this skin. The human race connects him to Christ in that Christ too was human but lay claim to a widely different nature. The Christic comparison continues with Grant’s attitude in Jefferson’s presence, in which at one time Grant repents of his former attitude of reluctance to aid the condition of his race. He also mentions a feeling of being lost, and this too is confessed in the presence of Jefferson. This can be seen as a comparison of Jefferson to Christ, as Christ’s divinity endows him with the power to cause humans to feel their need for a savior—in the same way that Grant feels that Jefferson has the ability to lead him toward salvation. Christ is also the main historical figure that has claimed the ability to elicit repentance, just as Grant has felt the need to repent in the presence of Jefferson. Furthermore, the death which Jefferson is to face is one that is to represent the punishment of his entire black race, and this represents a close comparison to the destiny of Christ, whose death was a representation of the punishment of the sins committed by the entire human race.

Types of Conflict in Literature (List #3) Essay Example

Types of Conflict in Literature (List #3) Essay Example Types of Conflict in Literature (List #3) Paper Types of Conflict in Literature (List #3) Paper Conflict a struggle between or among characters or forces in a story that creates the action of a plot (internal, external; character vs. character, character vs. self, character vs. nature, character vs. society) Internal Conflict (also known as, Character vs. Self) a problem or struggle within a character Example of Internal Conflict in Bystander Eric has a conflict within himself because he is struggling to accept and understand that his dad has a mental illness known as, schizophrenia. External Conflict a problem or struggle between a character and someone or something outside of the character Example of External Conflict In Bystander there is a conflict between Eric and Griffin because Eric does not agree with Griffins bullying behaviors, but he stays friends with him because Eric does not want Griffin to start bullying him. Character vs. Charcter Conflict (the good guy vs. the bad guy) a problem or struggle between two characters Example of a Character vs. Character Conflict In Bystander there is a conflict between Griffin and David Hallenback because Griffin bullies David both verbally and physically Character vs. Nature Conflict a problem between a character and something in nature Examples of Character vs. Nature Conflicts 1) A character struggles to survive in the wilderness alone. 2) A character struggles to save their self or their family from an erupting volcanoe 3) A fireman character struggles to save a boy from a burning building Character vs. Society Conflict A character has problems with the society that surrounds her/him. Examples of Character vs. Society Conflicts 1) A character doesnt fit in with the other kids at school 2) A girl character believes she has to look like the models on the magazine covers to be beautiful 3) A character is a criminal who is on the run from the police

Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander Australians

The purpose of this report is to evaluate the accessibility, acceptability and availability of public health care services among Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander of Australia. Despite improvements in health technology and the high quality of health services in Australia, this group continues to suffer health inequities. This is evident from high rate of chronic disease among Indigenous Australians. The disparities in health among non-indigenous and indigenous Australians arise from many factors including the difference in socioeconomic status, cultural beliefs, and geographical locations. This is evident from high rate of chronic disease among indigenous Australians. This report explores the barrier to the accessibility of adequate health care services and recommends solutions to improve acceptability of public health care services. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people were the first inhabitants of Australia. They have distinct culture and social tradition separate from general population of Australia. The estimated population of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people was 669,900 or 3% of the total population, the majority of whom resided in New South Wales and Queensland (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2011). They experience health inequity and poor health outcome due to their low socioeconomic status, psychosocial risk factors, poor standard of living and poor geographical location (Markwick, et al., 2014). Structural determinants of health relate to geographical accessibility, income status and affordability and acceptability factors that act as major barriers in access to health services for indigenous people (Germov, 2014, p. 76). Availability of health service means presence of appropriate health care resource relevant to the needs of the population. Equity of access is dependent on income and cultural setting of diverse population groups (Gulliford et al., 2016). Although the standard of health services in Australia is excellent, however the distribution of service is not uniform throughout Australia. As indigenous Australians resides in remote locations, the number of specialist physician decreases due to remoteness (Larkins et al., 2015). In urban areas too, the public health service are concentrated in those areas where people of high socio-economic status resides (Violà ¡n et al., 2014). Economic disadvantage among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people is another cause of inaccessibility to health care services (Aspin et al., 2012, pp. 73-75). The unaffordability of health care services has led to high prevalence of health complex disease conditions such as kidney failure, circulatory disease and its associated comorbidity. For example study by (McDonald, 2013, pp. 170-173) revealed that current health disadvantage like kidney problem is linked to social disadvantage among indigenous Australians. The cultural sensitivity of a population is a crucial indicator for determining the level of availability and accessibility of health (Purnell, 2014). It also has impact on health promotion and screening activities (Chalmers et al., 2014, p. 111). Many factors inhibit the acceptability of health services. Firstly, due to their cultural beliefs, indigenous Australians have different concepts and understanding of illness (Thompson et al., 2013, p. 473). Due to lack of awareness and poor knowledge about disease and their morbidity, they avoid primary level of treatment and many chronic disease are diagnosed at later stage of disease (Frey et al., 2013, pp. 519-529). Secondly, reluctance to engage in care because of cultural beliefs has impact on the relation between indigenous people and health professionals. For example culture act as a barrier in effective communication between indigenous patients and health care providers. Such patients are more inclined to traditional method of curi ng disease than depending on scientific health service. Even if they access the service, they have little knowledge about diagnostic process and disease. This leads to conflict between as the expectation of health care providers and patient differs significantly (Dell’Arciprete et al., 2014). Hence instead of approaching health care service, they seek spiritual interventions. This attitude significantly affects the availability and accessibility of preventive health care service (Hunt et al., 2015, pp. 461-467). Lack of cross cultural communication influences the accessibility and acceptability of health service (Germov, 2014). The accessibility and acceptability of care is related to social acceptance of health service according to consumer’s cultural preferences. Many people have different tradition beliefs which act as a barrier in accepting health care service (Dillip et al., 2012). This is evident from the fact many aboriginals reported lack of trust in mainstream health care service because they felt their cultural preferences were not taken into account. Many times language act as a barrier between proper health discussion among indigenous Australians and non-indigenous health professionals (Shahid et al., 2013). Cross cultural miscommunication occurs when health professionals do not understand concerns or gestures of patients and the thought patterns of indigenous people. Due to this gap, therapeutic relationship is compromised and Aboriginal groups do not accept the available health service (Dell’Arciprete et al., 2014). Unavailability of care also occurs due to discrimination of indigenous groups on the basis of their race and poor social position. Racial discrimination significantly lead to deleterious health outcome in indigenous Australians (Cunningham & Paradies, 2013).   Health professional behaviour such as racist attitude, unwelcome comment and evil treatment also influences the indigenous people ability to access and accept mainstream health services (Price & Dalgleish, 2013). Many indigenous patients wanted health professionals to respect their personal choice, cultural preference and autonomy in receiving. But conflict arose due to lack of cultural awareness among health professionals leading to poor patient-physician relationship (Artuso et al., 2013, pp. 193). The health status of a population depends on physical availability of health service structure, their organization and functioning. In case of Aboriginal and Torres Islander people, health service is not uniformly distributed in their area (Willis et al., 2016).  Even if a health service is available, there is shortage of adequate medical staffs to treat disease and illness. Lack of transport is also a factor that hinders their access to care (Nilson et al., 2014, pp. 3394-3405). Due to remoteness of location, many professionals do wish to come to this area and with low-skilled physicians, the overall health outcome among this group is very poor (Durey & Thompson, 2012). Social justice principle is the key to address inequities in health due to social position. This principle enables giving high priority to socially disadvantaged group irrespective of their financial instability.   The uptake can be improved by following the principle of access, equity, rights and participation in social justice (Germov, 2014). After analysing the factors associated with lack of accessibility of mainstream health services in Aboriginal and Torres Islander people, the recommended ways to improve public health services includes the following: The first step is making affordable and high quality service available locally in the area of Aboriginal and Torres Islander people. Arrangement should be made for proper transport facilities to increase the pace of receiving care. Exhibiting flexibility in health care delivery is also important so that the process do not seem burdensome to indigenous groups (Paniagua, 2013). This also follows the right of equality according to social justice principle and by this step health service is distributed to needy person even if they do not the capability to pay for the costly service (Germov, 2014). Health care system also needs to address the cultural incompetence in medical staff through enhancing cultural awareness and developing holistic model of care (Kirmayer, 2012, p. 149). It is necessary to engage more number of indigenous health professionals to promote delivery of culturally safe care. This strategy promotes greater participation amongst Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peo ple and therefore reflects social justice principles (). Health care staff should adopt cultural competence strategy such as understanding of cross-cultural communication style and providing treatment in such a way that their cultural obligation is not denied (Douglas et al., 2014). The disparities in health outcome between indigenous and non-indigenous Australians occur due to lack of accessibility and acceptability of health care services and poor socioeconomic status, cultural beliefs, structural barriers and lack of cross-communication skills. The report brought into focus different issues that act as barrier in seeking care and provided recommendation to improve health care delivery. The main focus should be on adopting culturally appropriate health care service to enhance indigenous people’s trust on medical services.   Artuso, S., Cargo, M., Brown, A., & Daniel, M. (2013). Factors influencing health care utilisation among Aboriginal cardiac patients in central Australia: a qualitative study.  BMC Health services research,  13(1), 1, p. 193. Aspin, C., Brown, N., Jowsey, T., Yen, L., & Leeder, S. (2012). Strategic approaches to enhanced health service delivery for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people with chronic illness: a qualitative study.  BMC Health services research,  12(1), 1, pp. 73-75. Australian Bureau of Statistics. (June 2011). Estimates of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians, June 2011. Abs.gov.au. Retrieved 9 October 2016, from https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/3238.0.55.001 Chalmers, K. J., Bond, K. S., Jorm, A. F., Kelly, C. M., Kitchener, B. A., & Williams-Tchen, A. J. (2014). Providing culturally appropriate mental health first aid to an Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander adolescent: development of expert consensus guidelines.  International journal of mental health systems,8(1), p. 111 Doi: 10.1186/1752-4458-8-6. Cunningham, J., & Paradies, Y. C. (2013). Patterns and correlates of self-reported racial discrimination among Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults, 2008–09: analysis of national survey data.  International journal for equity in health,  12(1), 1. Dell’Arciprete, A., Braunstein, J., Touris, C., Dinardi, G., Llovet, I., & Sosa-Estani, S. (2014). Cultural barriers to effective communication between Indigenous communities and health care providers in Northern Argentina: an anthropological contribution to Chagas disease prevention and control.International journal for equity in health,  13(1), 1. Dell’Arciprete, A., Braunstein, J., Touris, C., Dinardi, G., Llovet, I., & Sosa-Estani, S. (2014). Cultural barriers to effective communication between Indigenous communities and health care providers in Northern Argentina: an anthropological contribution to Chagas disease prevention and control.International Journal For Equity In Health,  13(1), 6. https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-9276-13-6 Dillip, Angel, Sandra Alba, Christopher Mshana, Manuel W Hetzel, Christian Lengeler, Iddy Mayumana, Alexander Schulze, Hassan Mshinda, Mitchell G Weiss, and Brigit Obrist. 2012. "Acceptability – A Neglected Dimension Of Access To Health Care: Findings From A Study On Childhood Convulsions In Rural Tanzania".  BMC Health Services Research  12 (1). doi:10.1186/1472-6963-12-113. Douglas, M. K., Rosenkoetter, M., Pacquiao, D. F., Callister, L. C., Hattar-Pollara, M., Lauderdale, J., ... & Purnell, L. (2014). Guidelines for implementing culturally competent nursing care.  Journal of Transcultural Nursing, Doi: 10.1177/1043659614520998. Durey, A., & Thompson, S. C. (2012). Reducing the health disparities of Indigenous Australians: time to change focus.  BMC health services research,  12(1), 1. Frey, R., Gott, M., Raphael, D., Black, S., Teleo?Hope, L., Lee, H., & Wang, Z. (2013). ‘Where do I go from here’? A cultural perspective on challenges to the use of hospice services.  Health & social care in the community,  21(5), 519-529. Germov, J. (2014). Second opinion: an introduction to health sociology| NOVA. The University of Newcastle's Digital Repository, 76. Gulliford M, et al. 2016. "What Does 'Access To Health Care' Mean? - Pubmed - NCBI".Ncbi.Nlm.Nih.Gov. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12171751. Hunt, L., Ramjan, L., McDonald, G., Koch, J., Baird, D., & Salamonson, Y. (2015). Nursing students' perspectives of the health and healthcare issues of Australian Indigenous people.  Nurse education today,  35(3), 461-467. Kirmayer, L. (2012). Rethinking cultural competence.  Transcultural Psychiatry,  49(2), 149. Larkins, S., Woods, C. E., Matthews, V., Thompson, S. C., Schierhout, G., Mitropoulos, M., ... & Bailie, R. S. (2015). responses of aboriginal and Torres strait islander Primary health-care services to continuous Quality improvement initiatives.  Frontiers in public health,  3. Markwick, A., Ansari, Z., Sullivan, M., Parsons, L., & McNeil, J. (2014). Inequalities in the social determinants of health of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People: a cross-sectional population-based study in the Australian state of Victoria.  International journal for equity in health,  13(1), 1. McDonald, S. P. (2013). End-stage kidney disease among Indigenous peoples of Australia and New Zealand.  Kidney international supplements,3(2), 170-173. Nilson, C., Kearing-Salmon, K. A., Morrison, P., & Fetherston, C. (2015). An ethnographic action research study to investigate the experiences of Bindjareb women participating in the cooking and nutrition component of an Aboriginal health promotion programme in regional Western Australia.  Public health nutrition,  18(18), 3394-3405. Paniagua, F. A. (2013).  Assessing and treating culturally diverse clients: A practical guide. Sage Publications. Price, M., & Dalgleish, J. (2013). Help-seeking among indigenous Australian adolescents: exploring attitudes, behaviours and barriers.  Youth Studies Australia,  32(1), 10. Purnell, L. D. (2014).  Guide to culturally competent health care. FA Davis. Shahid, S., Durey, A., Bessarab, D., Aoun, S. M., & Thompson, S. C. (2013). Identifying barriers and improving communication between cancer service providers and Aboriginal patients and their families: the perspective of service providers.  BMC health services research,  13(1), 460. Thompson, S. L., Chenhall, R. D., & Brimblecombe, J. K. (2013). Indigenous perspectives on active living in remote Australia: a qualitative exploration of the socio-cultural link between health, the environment and economics.  BMC Public Health,  13(1), 473. Violà ¡n, C., Foguet-Boreu, Q., Roso-Llorach, A., Rodriguez-Blanco, T., Pons-Viguà ©s, M., Pujol-Ribera, E., ... & Valderas, J. M. (2014). Burden of multimorbidity, socioeconomic status and use of health services across stages of life in urban areas: a cross-sectional study.  BMC Public Health,14(1), 1. Willis, E., Reynolds, L., & Keleher, H. (Eds.). (2016).  Understanding the Australian health care system. Elsevier Health Sciences.